Taste or smell
Likely cause
What to check first
Filtration angle
Dirt, earthy, grassy or musty
Natural compounds such as geosmin or MIB, often more noticeable after warm weather, rain and algae activity in raw water sources.
Ask neighbours, check local water authority updates, chill a glass of water and compare several taps.
Correctly specified carbon filtration can help improve taste and odour, especially across the whole home.
Metallic, bitter or coppery
Iron, manganese, copper, zinc, older pipework, hot-water systems, corrosion, or sediment disturbed in the network.
Compare hot and cold water, test more than one tap, check for brown water or particles, and note whether it started suddenly.
Sediment and conditioning stages may help, but strong or sudden metallic taste should be investigated first.
Chlorine, chemical or pool-like
Residual disinfectant such as chlorine or chloramine, which is used to keep treated water protected through the network.
Check whether it is stronger in hot water or showers and whether the smell is present across multiple outlets.
A properly sized carbon stage is commonly used to reduce chlorine or chloramine taste and odour.
Salty or brackish
Source-water minerals, softened water issues, regeneration faults, or local source variation depending on property type.
Check whether you have a softener, bore water, tank water, or a system with a brine/regeneration cycle.
This needs source-specific advice. Do not assume a standard carbon filter will solve it.
Rubbery, plastic or soapy
Flexible hoses, new plumbing, appliance lines, seals, fittings, or stagnant water in a fixture.
Check if it is isolated to one tap, a fridge line, a mixer, a bathroom basin or a recently changed fitting.
Often a plumbing or fixture issue first, not a whole-home filtration issue.
Brown, gritty or dirty-looking
Sediment, rust, mains works, old pipework, tank debris, or disturbed particles.
Do not ignore visible particles. Check if multiple taps are affected and contact the relevant provider if sudden.
Sediment pre-filtration is one of the strongest whole-home use cases when particles are ongoing.